Hello, readers welcome to the new post. We will discuss Difference between IGBT and BJT. These two are the main types of transistors used in different types of electronic devices and projects. These two devices have a PN junction in their configuration.
Here we will cover different parameters of these two transistors and finds common differences existing between them. So let’s get started.
Difference between IGBT and BJT
What is BJT
- The BJT stands for bipolar junction transistors and comes in three pins configuration Base Emitter and collector.
- Its common uses are in switches and amplifier circuits.
- Its structure is that P-type material is placed among the two N materials to form the NPN configuration and for the PNP configuration there is N material is placed in the center.
- So according to this configuration, there are two main types of BJT, PNP and NPN.
- There are two PN junctions are configured in the transistor.
- Its central parts are called the base and the other two are the emitter and collector. The collector is the larger part that has a larger number of charge carriers.
- Two charge carriers help to flow current in the BJT, electrons and holes.
- The larger value current is collectors that is regulated through the base current IB and this feature helps to use for switches and amplifier circuits.
- BJT is known as the current controlled module
What is IGBT
- IGBT also has three terminal electronic components. Its pinout is the emitter-collector and gate. It has a gate and then a base like BJT.
- It is used for high-power control operations and also for high-speed switching. It was the first time was sued in the 1980s
- This transistor comes with dual features of MOSFET and BJT. It is controlled through the gate as MOSFET controlled and has current volts features of BJT.
- IGBT denoted improvement in power electronics technology and bipolar transistors have gate terminals.
- It is a power transistor configured with input MOS having an output bipolar transistor.
- It has 3 pins that help to be used as a switching device. It is normally part of the switching circuits of the inverter, that convert DC into AC.
- It provides features of MOSFET and BJT at single casing and has better features than these devices.
- MOSFET is used due to high speed-switching features and has a high value of input impedance. BJT has high current gain and low saturation voltage.
- The design of the IGBT gate terminal that used for controlling of current between the collector and emitter and BJT features of current amplification.
- So it can be used for high current operations also high power circuits
Structure of IGBT
- Its inner circuit is a combination of 2 transistors and MOSFET and its output is a combination of PNP NPN and MOSFET transistors.
- This transistor confines the lower value of saturation volts of the transistor to the high value of input impedance with the switching speed of MOSET.
IGBT Types
- There 2 main types of IGBT on the basis of the N+buffer layer the category of IGBT has n+buffer layers known as Punch through IGBT and others called non-punch through IGBT.
- Based on different features, these two IGBTs are called symmetrical and nonsymmetrical IGBTs.
- For symmetrical IGBT there are the same forward and reverse breakdown volts.
- While asymmetric IGBT have reverse breakdown volts less than the forward breakdown volts
- Symmetrical IGBT is used in AC circuits and asymmetrical IGBT is used for DC circuits
IGBT vs BJT
- The BJT stands for bipolar junction and IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- IGBT is three pinouts used in amplifiers and switches and IGBT also has 3 pins used in power electronics
- Pins of BJT are emitter-base and collector and IGBT has an EMitter collector and gate
- BJT is used for current-controlled operations and IGBT for voltage-control functions
- Base is used as a control in BJT and Gate is used as a control for IGBT
- The circuits for IGBT is simple and for BJT are complicated
- The switching speed of IGBT is high that BJT
- The switching speed of BJT is the order of 10 and IBJT has 0.5
- BJT uses high power and IGBT uses less for operation
- BJT has higher losses for switching than IGBT
- BJT has a frequency for switching about twenty kHz and IBJT has one sixty kilohertz
- Impedance for BJT is less than IGBT
- Small save operating area for BJT than IGBT
- BJT handles less power than the IGBT
- BJT has a negative and IGBT has a positive temperature coefficient.
What are the advantages of IGBT over BJT?
- The IGBT comes with more benefits than power MOSFET and BJT. It comes with state voltage losses and high current density for the ON state. Its small size makes it easy to manufacture. The working of IGBT is easy and uses less power.
What is the main function of IGBT?
- Basic working IGBTis high speed switching of current, and provide low switching losses. It is a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate design and the gate works as a MOSFET.
Can IGBT convert AC to DC?
- The IGBT is a power device that works as a switching device. Through switching DC can converted into ac or vice versa. The power transformation that occurs is important for working well.
What is the main application of IGBT?
- Its main uses are the switching process for inverter circuits for small to larger motors. IGBT in the form of inverter used at home in different devices such as conditioners and refrigerators, motors.
Why DC Cannot be converted into AC?
- DC is not converted like AC since the transformer work on the rule of electromagnetic induction, which needs varying fields for voltage induces in conductor placed closely.
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