Hi, readers welcome to our next interesting post. In today’s post, we will have a detailed look at Introduction to PIC Microcontroller. The PIC stands for peripheral interface microcontroller which was created in 1993 by the General Instrument Microcontroller. For the control and performance of the different operations, it is programmed by the different software. Different electronic devices such as smartphones, medical instruments, and acoustic devices are comprised of this controller.
Different types of PIC controllers exits which are PIC16F84 to PIC16C84. In 1998 Microchip created the PIC16F84 which comprises programmable flash memory and in 2001 erasable model of this controller was developed. Nowadays there are numerous PIC controller exits in the market which provide different features such as serial communication, UART. In today’s post, we will have a detailed look at its working, pinout, operation, and some other related parameters. So let’s get started with Introduction to PIC Microcontroller.
Introduction to PIC Microcontroller
- The PIC which read as the ‘pick’ is belonged to the group of microcontrollers and created by Microchip technology and followed by the PIC1650.
- Firstly the word PIC is referred as a peripheral interface controller and now stands for the programmable intelligent computer.
- Older types of PIC comprises of ROM or field programmable EPROM to store data and some models have an erasable memory unit.
- Currently used models of PIC uses flash memory to store data and also has the ability to get reprogramed through itself.
- In these models, program memory and data memory are not assembled with each other. The space of data memory is eight biit, sixteen bits and some new models have thirty-two-bit memory.
- Program instruction varies according to PIC controller in bit count can be of twelve bits, fourteen bits, sixteen bits, and twenty-four bits.
- The hardware of this controller comprises of six pinout SMD, eight pinouts dual inline package to one forty-four pinout SMD, with that has separate inputs and outputs pinouts.
- The communication protocols which are used by this module are I2C, UART, and also have a USB port.
- The computer software such as MPLABX, assembler, C, C++ is supported by this controller. 3rd part and open source tools are also compatible with this model.
- PIC also used in different types of industries machines since these are less price, provide high accessibility, serial programming, and also have flash memory which can easily be reprogrammed.
PIC Microcontroller Architecture
CPU
- The central processing unit is similar to the CPU of other controllers it comprises of ALU which performs the arithmetic operation and logic operation, CU which performs control function, MU, etc.
- In MU or memory unit different types of instruction are stored after processing.
- For controlling of inner and outer devices linked with the controller control unit perform this function.
Memory Unit
- In memory unit of PIC controller, the memory used is ROM, RAM, and STACKs. All these are discussed here.
RAM
- RAM or random access memory unit is a volatile memory unit which stores data for the small-time interval in their registers. There are two groups in which RAM is defined which comprises of numerous registers.
- These registers are further categorized into 2 parts SFR and GPR.
GPR
- These registers perform a general function such as multiplication of 2 numbers done by this register. Storing of number in other registers done through these registers.
SFR
- According to their names, these registers perform some special functions. The function assigned to these registers is performed by these registers and not do general functions.
ROM
- in this type of memory, data is stored permanently and retains data when power is off. It also is known as program memory where operators write a program and store it for a long time.
- This stored-program executed by the central processing unit of the PIC controller.
EEPROM
- In ROM program can write only a single time but in the EEPROM we can write and erase written data numerous times according to our requirements.
Flash Memory
- Flash memory is like the EEPROM over which we can write, read, and remove data according to our requirements. Generally, this category of memory is used in the PIC controller.
PIC Input and Outputs PORTS
- There are 5 ports exits in this controller which are A, B, C, D, and E.
- Port A is a sixteen-bit port that can be operated as input and output according to the TRISA register status or Tradoc Intelligence Support Activity.
- Port B is an eight-bit port that can be used as input and output.
- Port C is an eight-bit port.
- Port D is an eight-bit port that operates as a slave port for linking to the microprocessor bus.
BUS
- There are two types of buses exits in this controller first one is the data bus and the second one is the address bus.
- Sending and receiving of data is done by the data bus.
- While transferring data from memory address to the central processing unit from externally connected devices.
That is a detailed post about PIC Microcontroller if you have any further query ask in comments. Thanks for reading. have a good day.