Hello guys welcome to the new tutorial. In this post, we will discuss Different Types of Batteries. The battery is a combination of one or more cells that perform different chemical reactions to produce electron flow in a circuit. There are different types of batteries used based on material structure and conditions. The battery can store electrical energy and when needed it can use. here we will cover different types of batteries. So let’s get started.
What is a Battery?
The battery is an electrical device that comes with one more electrical cells that transform chemical energy into electrical energy. The battery is the galvanic cell where reduction-oxidation reactions occur between positive and negative electrodes and work as a chemical energy source
How Does A Battery Work?
Battery-generated electrical energy through the use of terminals or electrodes of the battery. The positive terminals exist on the upper part of the battery that is used for flashlights and electronics.
The external casing of the battery is known as the negative terminal. Both terminals are commonly used in batteries. The chemicals that are in terminals and batteries make power cells.
A power cell produces energy when positive and negative terminals are connected to the electrical circuit. Such as chemicals in cell start a reaction to generate ions and electrons that provide power connected to battery components.
Types of Battery
- There are two main types of batteries according to charging and not charging combination
- Primary that can not be charged
- Secondary Battery Rechargeable
- These are 2 main types but there are further subtypes we discuss all these in detail.
Primary Battery
- It is such a category of battery that is used for one time and after that becomes useless means cannot charge again. It is also called a voltaic battery.
- It has disadvantages that can not recharge but has some features like less cost and easy to use..
Types of Primary Battery
- Different types of primary batteries are described here with detail.
Lithium Battery
- This category of battery is very commonly employed in different projects since there is different innovations made in it. These are preferred since can handle different temperature values and operate for a long time interval.
Cadmium Battery
- It is designed with the use of mercury and cadmium and is mostly used for fewer applications since cadmium has toxic behavior but is also used in place of zinc batteries.
Alkaline battery
- It is also called zinc and manganese dioxide battery. It is somewhat is costly and mostly used.
Zinc Carbon Battery
- It is also called avalanche cell or carbon cell battery and is very commonly used. Its common features are high reliability, less cost.
Secondary Battery Types
- The main types of secondary batteries are described here with detail.
- Lead-Acid
- Lithium-ion(Li-ion)
- Nickel Cadmium
- Nickel-Metal Hydride(Ni-MH)
Lead-Acid Battery
- It can be recharged after the discharging process and the first time was introduced by Gaston Plante in 1859.
- The interesting thing is that it is the first rechargeable battery that was used and invented.
- As compared to other batteries there is it uses less energy density. But it offered a larger value of power-to-weight ratio.
- Since its price is less soused for starting of motor.
- When it is charged the energy in the form of potential energy at the electors created with the lead that is cathode and PbO2 is positive or anode.
Lithium-ion Battery
- It advanced type of battery that uses lithium ions the main element of the battery.
- When this battery is discharged the ionization process occurs at the anode for lithium atoms and losses the electrons.
- These ions go to the cathode combine with the electrons and become neutral.
- This battery offers a large value of volts and stores a larger amount of charges.
- It is normally used in mobile watches and instruments used for military purposes.
Nickel Cadmium Battery
- It is a rechargeable battery and consists of electrons of nickel oxide hydroxide and cadmium.
- It was designed in 1899 and its electrode volt value is 1.2 volts and decreases to zero through discharge.
- The extreme emf force given through this cell is 1.3 volts. It exists in different ranges and sizes of ratings.
- Their operation life is good also work at lower value temperatures and offer a high discharge completely rated value
- It was very commonly used in power devices, photography devices, lights, and some others.
Nickel-Metal Hydride(Ni-MH)Â Battery
- It is a rechargeable battery the reaction done at the electrodes of this module is like the NiCd battery.
- There are electrodes of hydrogens are used in place of cadmium. It is operation range is larger than the same range of NiCd battery.
- Mostly these batteries are used in place of alkaline batteries since has compatibility with volts
Comparsion of Different Batteries
| Chemistry | Nominal Voltage (V) |
Capacity (Ah)
|
|
Alkaline
|
1.5 | 0.7 to 1.8 |
|
Zinc-Carbon
|
1.4 to 1.7 | 0.3 to 7 |
|
Lead-Acid (Rechargeable)
|
12 | 30 to 100+ |
|
Li-Ion (Rechargeable)
|
3.7 | 0.5 to 4+ |
|
Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) (Rechargeable)
|
1.2 | 1 |
|
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) (Rechargeable)
|
1.2 | 0.3 to 14 |
Components of Battery
Cathode:
- The cathode is a positive electrode where a reduction reaction takes place which means the cathode gets electrons at the time of discharging. The cathode defines battery chemistry and has different types such as. lithium-ion, alkaline, and NiMH.
Anode:
- The anode is a negative electrode and here oxidation reaction takes place which means the anode loses electrons at the time of discharging. Anode is made with metallic materials.
Electrolyte
- The electrolyte helps ions to flow anode to the cathode. Electrolytes can be in the form of liquid, solid, or gel. There are ions exist in electrolytes that help to do electrochemical reactions and the type of electrolyte varies based on the cathode. Such as electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries is liquid or gel
Separator:
- Separators are porous materials that avoid making the connection between anodes and cathodes since the connection between these components can cause any damage resulting battery catching fire. A separator helps ions to flow.
Collector:
The collector gets curent. it is a conductive material that helps electrons flow between the electrode and the circuit. Collectors are metallic or carbon-based and connected with both anode and cathode.
Terminals:
- Terminals are used for making connections with external devices and other circuits. Normally terminals are called anode and cathode. Some batteries have two terminals and some have more than 10 terminals
What are the different battery ratings?
- The battery comes with 20-hour and 10-hour ratings. Some data sheet has 5 hours, 3 hours, and one hour ratings. the AHR rating written on the battery is based on the battery’s 20-hour rating.
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That is all about the Types of Battery. I have explained all types of batteries with the details if you still have any further query ask in the comments. Thanks for reading have a nice day.
