Introduction to Carburetor, Diagram, Features, Uses and Type

The carburetor is a mechanical device used in older gasoline-based vehicles that mixes fuel and air in an accurate portion for engine combustion. It works like the lungs of vehicles, and the mixture of air and fuel is transmitted to the engine cylinder, where the ignition process occurs for power generation. In this post, we will cover feature details and related factors for carburetors to find their practical uses. Let’s get started with Introduction to Carburetor.

Introduction to Carburetor

• The carburetor, also called carburetor, is a device that operates by the gasoline internal combustion engine for regulation and mixing air and fuel to provide to the engine.
• The main techniques for mixing of field in intake air are the use of the venturi effect in the main meter circuit, and some other components also used for providing more fuel in certain conditions.

• The carburetor was replaced with fuel injection in cars and trucks, but it is still used for small engines such as concrete mixers and motorcycles.
• They are also part of piston engine-driven aircraft. Diesel engines used field injection more than carburetors since compression-based combustion of diesel needed high accuracy and pressure for fuel injections.

Who invented the carburetor?

• In 1826, for the first time, a carburetor was made by Samuel Morey. Siegfried Marcus used a carburetor as a patent for use in a petroleum engine in 1872 for devices that mix air with fuel.
• Fuel from the tank of the carburetor enters the generator underneath, and there the evaporation process occurs.
• The field vapor passes through the grey pipe and mixes with the air coming down the pipe that enters from the atmosphere through the top that has perforations.

Basic Carburetor Diagram

 

How does a carburetor work?

1. Air passes in the upper part of the carburetor from the air intake of the car and passes through the filter, where it gets cleaned.
2. If the engine is first started, the choke can adjust so it can block the top of the pipe for reducing air coming in.
3. In the middle of the tube, air passes through a narrow kink that is a venturi. That increases speed and results in pressure losses.
4. The low air pressure produces suction on the fuel pipe and draws in fuel.
5. A throttle is a valve that swivels for opening or closing the pipe. If the throttle is open, more fuel and air pass to the cylinder, so the engine produces more power, and the car moves faster.
6. A mixture of fuel and air moves down in the cylinder.
7. Then fuel is provided from the mini fuel tank that is the float-feed chamber.
8. When the fuel level reduces, the float in the chamber falls, and the valve at the upper part.
9. If the valve is open, more files pass in for refilling the chamber from the main gas tank. That makes the float rise and closes the valve.

 

Parts of Carburetor

Throttle Valve

• The main working of the throttle valve is to control the air-fuel mixture that moves in the engine cylinder. This throttle valve is open as a result of pressing the accelerator pedal.

Metering System

• This component is used for controlling fuel flow into the nozzle and used for accurate value mixing of air and fuel. It is made with a field discharge nozzle and metering orifice.

Choke Valve

• The choke valve is used for controlling the mixture of air and fuel. It is used for controlling the air quantity in the mixing chamber. It is a valve that remains in semi-open conditions as a result of a high mixture and valve function.

Float Chamber

• It is a storage tank for a field that helps to provide a continuous supply of fuel. It comes with a floating valve for painting the fuel level in the float chamber. If the fuel level increases, the float moves upward in the direction that gets close and stops the fuel supply.

Idling System

• The path from the float chamber to the venturi tube is known as the idling system. It provides a high mixture at the time of idling and for low speed. It operated when the throttle was open below 15 percent or at the time of idling.

Strainer

• This part of the carburetor is used for filtering fuel before moving to the float chamber. It is made with fine wire mesh that filters fuel from dust and other particles. If particles are not removed, it causes blockage of the nozzle.

Venturi

• Venturi is a cross-sectional hollow that slowly decreases for reduction of air pressure in the chamber. From this component, the fuel is coming out from the fuel pipe to the mixing.

Mixing Chamber

• In this component, an air and fuel mixture occurs that is then shifted to the engine cylinder.

Idle and Transfer Port

• The carburetor venturi comes with two nozzles or ports that provide fuel to the engine cylinder. Advanced automobile engines come with some more parts that help the carburetor to increase efficiency. That are

Throttle Return Check

• The total throttle on the engine is operating at high speed, resulting in a high intake manifold vacuum. It will draw exhaust in the engine intake at the time of V/V operation. The intake chart diluted, resulting in stalling.

Automatic Mixture Control

• The solenoid and spring control valve in the carburetor are in plunger shape. It controls the separated jet in the float chamber. The solenoid gets on, and the V/V is a lift for increasing fuel provided to the jet.

Anti-Dieseling Solenoid

• Modern emission control engines normally operate with high temperatures that cause some hot spots in combustion chambers. These hot spots result in pre-ignition in the chamber. Carburetors are made with an anti-dieseling solenoid in engines to avoid pre-ignition.

Types of Carburetors

Updraft carburetors

• In this type of carburetor, air mixture, and fuel enter at the lower part and release at the upper part of the engine. It is the first type of carburetor that was used. In this carburetor, air flows in an upward direction into the venturi, based on Edward Abdo’s work in Power Equipment Engine Technology.
• The float chamber sends fuel, and venturing produces a pressure difference between the two chambers. Fuel is coming out from the fuel pipe and is mixed with inlet air to make a fuel-air mixture. The fuel passes through the throttle valve that is connected to the accelerator. That mixture then moves to the cylinder for combustion.

Down-draft Carburetor

• This carburetor is commonly used since it provides air from the top part of the mixture chamber. Its main features are as follows.
• Gravity causes the flow of the mixture and makes the engine pull in a good way at low speed due to load.
• We can easily find the carburetor position.
• It provides high volumetric efficiency for the engine.
• In this carburetor, air comes from the upper part of the mixing chamber, and fuel comes from the lower part of the mixing chamber. It has the same working as the low pressures of two centuries, with fuel coming out through the pipe and then mixed with fuel and air.

Horizontal Carburetor

• This type of carburetor is also called a down draft carburetor in a horizontal direction. In this module, the working carburetor is in a horizontal position where air is coming in through the end side. Fuel mixes before moving into the engine cylinder for combustion.
• One more advantage of this type of carburetor is that it reduces the resistance of the flow due to the absence of the right-angle mechanism in the intake area.

Carburetor vs. Fuel Injection

Fuel Injection

• Fuel injection is new technology that was first used in 1925 as part of a petrol engine.
• It’s working based on ECU.
• It is based on the loading conditions of the engine.
• The injector valve opens and closes many times in fuel injection for controlling fuel injection.
• It has good mileage with high power output and complex installation since it has a complex fuel injection system and electronic components.
• It is used for petrol and diesel vehicles.

Carburetor

• Carburetors were first used in 1826 for common vehicles.
• Its working is manually based on driver driving skills and discretion.
• It does not have a fuel-air ratio monitoring system as fuel injection does.
• The air moving into the vent defines the fuel amount that the jet pushes.
• Provide smooth running with good horsepower.
• It has simple installation since it has a manual working.
• It is not used for diesel vehicles.

How To Clean A Carburetor?

Follow these steps for cleaning the carburetor.

1. First of all, in a larger size box or container, mix a dilute cleaner for that purpose. Use a non-corrosive cleaner that does not affect your carburetor. Try to avoid use of vinegar since acetic acid can cause rust. Don’t use bleach also.
2. Now, before cleaning the carburetor, make sure that the air coming into the carburetor is clean and does not have any particles that can cause black smoke from the exhaust. Now off the fuel supply and separates the spark plug wire. Remove the housing and wing nut connected with the filter and remove other connected components.
3. Remove the covering plate, linkage, and hoses. Remove the cover that holds the carburetor and also remove the hose clamp connected with the fuel line. In the last, remove the carburetor through the use of a blower to remove dirt.
4. In this step, remove the bolt holding the carburetor float while avoiding spilling gas in the float. That can cause varnish creation on the carburetor.
5. Now remove other connected components with carburetors.
6. Put the carburetor float and all connected components in a container where the diluent cleaner exists and soak for about ten minutes. With the use of brass brushes to clean metallic parts and a stiff nylon brush for cleaning plastic components.
7. Now clean all carburetor parts in clean water and wait for some time to dry. For removing moisture,, use compressed air.
8. In the last step, connected all components at their respective positions.

Advantages

• The components used for the carburetor are lower cost than the fuel injector.
• The air mixture is accurately performed by the carburetor.
• It comes with higher power and accuracy than an air-fuel mixture.
• It does not depend on gas pumped from the fuel tank, which shows that the cylinder can pull more fuel in the carburetor that can cause a denser mixture in the chamber and high power also.

Disadvantages

• The mixture provided speed is low, which makes the engine not well ignite.
• The different atmospheric pressures can cause engine components to perform badly.
• It uses more fuel than a fuel injector with more air emissions.
• It needed high maintenance.

FAQs.