Hello friends, I hope all of you are fine. In today’s tutorial, we are gonna have a look at the Phasor Diagrams of a Synchronous Generator and how they describe the different parameters of synchronous generator. The phasor diagram is a very significant factor of the power system analysis. As the output of the synchronous generator is alternating current, so it can easily be explained by the phasor diagrams. If we draw the output voltage and current in such a geometrically way that they show some relation among them, the resultant diagram called a phasor diagram.

In the last tutorial, we discussed the synchronous generator equivalent circuit. If first, you read it then it will be easy to understand the phasor diagrams of the synchronous generator. In today’s post, we will have look at different parameters related to phasor diagram, will learn how to make these diagrams. So, let’s get started with the phasor diagram of the synchronous generator.

Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator

• In the electrical power system, there are three main types of load first one is resistive, the second one is capacitive and the third one is inductive.
• We will connect all these three loads with the synchronous  generator and will see their effect and will draw their phasor diagram.

Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator at Unity P.F

• The given diagram shows the relation among the parameter like phase voltage (Vø), internal generated voltage (E_A), armature current (I_A), synchronous reactance (X_S) and some other factors by phasor diagram when the generator is working with the resistive load and have unity power factor.

V_ø= E_A – jX_sI_A– R_AI_A

• We can observe from the above-given equation that internal generated voltage (E_A) are will be equal to the phase or terminal voltage of the generator if we deduct the voltage loss due to armature resistance and the synchronous reactance from it.
• All these parameters and their facts are shown in an above-given diagram.

Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator at lagging and leading P.F

• In a given diagram, we have construed the phasor diagram of the synchronous generator when it relates to the inductive load, in this case, the power factor will be lagging.
• There is also a phasor diagram of the synchronous generator when it connected with the capacitive load, in this case, the power factor will be leading.
• If we compare the lagging and leading load phasor diagrams of the synchronous generator we can conclude that to get a specific value of the phase or terminal voltage and armature current we will require larger amount of internal generated voltage E_A for the inductive load (lagging) than the capacitive load (leading).
• So, we will have to provide a larger field current at the rotor in case of inductive load (lagging load) than the leading load to generates the same amount of the terminal voltage (Vø).
• As we know.

E_A = Køw

• • In this equation, E_A is  internal generated voltage.
  • ‘K’ is constant.
  • ‘∅’ is flux.
  • ‘w’ is speed of rotation of rotor.
• In this equation, ‘w’ should be non-variant to keep the frequency constant.
• For the given amount of the field current at rotor and current consumed by load, the magnitude of the phase voltage (Vø) will be less for inductive load and high for the capacitive load.

• In all synchronous machines either it is motor or generator, the value of the synchronous reactance (Xs) is high than the armature windings resistance (R_A), so sometimes R_A is ignored for quality observation of the voltage changings.
• But in case of different mathematical problems, R_A should be considered.
• In real synchronous machines, the synchronous reactance is normally much larger than the winding resistance R_A, so R_A is often neglected in the qualitative study of voltage variations. For accurate numerical results, R_A must be considered.

You can also read some related topics to synchronous generator that are listed here.

Introduction to Synchronous Generator

Synchronous Generator Equivalent Circuit  

Synchronous Generator Power and Torque

Synchronous Generator Parameters

Synchronous Generator Operating Alone

Synchronous Generator Parallel Operation

Synchronous Generator parallel with Large Power system

Synchronous Generator Parallel with same Size Generator

Synchronous Generator Ratings

Synchronous Generator Capability Curves

Synchronous Generator Transients

This is the complete tutorial about phasor diagram of the synchronous generator if you have any queries ask in comments. See you in the next tutorial Power and Torque in Synchronous Generator. Have a good day.