Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

What is Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

• Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is a type of microcontroller based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller. It main component for controlling different circuits and devices that work in the human brain. Different memory units such as SRAM, EEPROM, and Flash memory are configured on this controller.

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Features

Technical Features of Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

• The technical features of the Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 are discussed here
• Microcontroller type: ATmega2560
• Operating voltage: five volts
• Input voltage: 7 to 12V
• Input voltage (limit): 6 to 20V
• Digital I/O pins: 54 (fifteen are PWM outputs)
• Analog input pins: Sixteen
• DC for single  I/O pinout: 20 milliamperes
• DC for 3.3V pin: 50 milliamperes
• Flash memory: 256 KB of which the bootloader uses 8 KB
• SRAM: 8 kilobyte
• EEPROM: 4 kilobyte
• Clock speed: 16 Megahertz

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Pinout

•  Her details of pins operation are explained

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Architecture

Physical Dimensions

• The board dimensions of Mega 2560  are  4 x 2.1 inches and comes with a built-in power jack and USB connector. It comes with 3 screw holes for connection with the surface.

Processor and Memory

• THe processor of the ATmega2560 chip works at 16MHz frequency. There are different input and output lines for the connection of external devices. The board also comes with an ATmega16U2 USB serial processor to connect USB input signals and the main processor. It also has 256KB flash memory with 8KB bootloader, 8KB SRAM, and 4KB of EEPROM.

Programming

• Arduino Mega 2560 baord gets programming through using Arduino IDE, CLI, etc. The features of a preprogrammed bootloader, these modules help to upload new code without the use of any external hardware programmer. Bootloader bypasses through ICSP with the use of Arduino ISP.

Power

• The power to the board is from a USB connection or the use of external power sources. The board power jack needed a 2.1mm center-positive plug that has features to handle a 6 to 20 volts power supply. The normally recommended voltage value is 7 to 12 volts.
• VIn pin gets power from an external power supply. The 5V pins controlled 5V voltage through from the DC power jack, and USB. The 3.3 V pin is used for regulation of 3.3Volts output at a high value of current about 50mA.

Input and Output

• There are a total of 54 digital input pins on this board used as input or output operations with the application of functions such as pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead(). These pins work on 5 volts by getting or providing 20mA for operating conditions.
• There are 6 analog pins on the board denoted as A0 to A5, that offer 10 bits resolution.
• It also comes with  some more pins that are
• Serial 0 (RX) and 1 (TX);
• Serial 1: 19 (RX) 18 (TX)
• Serial 2: 17 (RX) and 16 (TX);
• Serial 3: 15 (RX) and 14 (TX) receive and transmit TTL serial data.
• External interrupt pins are
• 2 (interrupt 0), 3 (interrupt 1), 18 (interrupt 5), 19 (interrupt 4), 20 (interrupt 3), and 21 (interrupt 2) trigger interrupt with low values.
• PWM pins 2 to 13 and 44 to 46 offer the 8-bit PWM signal with the help of the analogWrite() function.
• The SPI communication protocols are SPIs 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), and 53 (SS), through applications of the SPI library.

Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 Programming

• Mega 2560 board gets programmed through Arduino’s IDE, CLI, and Web Editor.  Preprogrammed through a bootloader the ATmega2560 helps to upload new code without the use of any hardware programmer.
• This bootloader can bypassed through the ICSP header with the use of Arduino ISP.
• Arduino repository comes with ATmega16U2 that can loaded with a DFU bootloader operated through a resistor that pulls the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to the ground.

How to Power Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

• The power to the Arduino board gets from a USB connection or outer power source AC to DC adapter or battery.
• There is a need for a power jack of 2.1mm center-positive plug that has features to handle 6-20 volts of external supply. The recommended voltatge value is seven to twelve volts.
• At Vin pin external power sources are connected, and five volts regulate 5V output on board through a DC power jack or USB connector.
• The 3.3 pin regulates 3.3-volt output at a high current of 50 mA.
• GND pin IOREF pin sets working voltage as reference.

Communication Protocol

• The Arduino Mega 2560 board has features to communicate to computers, other Arduino boards or controllers. it comes with an ATmega2560 that provides UART TTL five-volt serial communication. The ATmega16U2 offers serial communication through a USB that exists as a Com port. It uses USB COM standard drivers and .inf files for Windows devices.
• Arduino Software (IDE) comes with a monitor that transmits textual data to and from the board. At the time of data transmission through USB to serial chip and USB connection, Rx and TX led works, not for communication through pins zero and one.