Hello, readers welcome to the new post. In this post, we will learn Difference Between Single Phase and Three Phase Induction Motor. The induction motor is very commonly used in industrial and our homes to perform different functions. There are two main types of induction motors First, one is a single-phase induction motor and the second one is a three-phase induction motor.
Both motors are used in different operations to perform numerous functions. Here we will discuss different parameters to know about their basic difference. So let’s get started.
Difference Between Single-Phase and Three Phase Induction Motor
What is a single phase Induction Motor?
The single-phase induction motor is a small and compact size motor having a fractional kilowatt rating. It operated on electromagnetic induction to produce a rotating field.
It is used in homes such as fans, hair dryers, washing machines, mixers refrigerators kitchens, etc
Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motor
The structure of this motor comes with two main parts are rotor and a stator.
Stator:
- It is a static component of motors. The stator of a single-phase induction motor gets single-phase AC from the supply source.
Rotor:
- The rotor is a moveable component of induction motors. The rotors provide power to load through the shaft. The squirrel cage rotor is used for a single-phase induction motor.
Types of Single-phase Induction Motors
- The main types of single-phase induction motors are listed here
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- Split-phase Induction motor
- Permanent-split capacitor Induction Motor
- Capacitor-start Induction Motor
- Shaded-pole Induction motor
- Capacitor-start capacitor-run Induction Motor
What is Three Phase Induction Motor
- The 3-phase induction motor is an electromechanical energy transformation device that transforms 3-phase input power into output mechanical power.
- This motor comes with a stator and rotor. The stator comes with 3 phase stator winding and rotors come with short circuit winding known as rotor winding. The stator winding is provided from 3 3-phase supply. Rotor winding gets voltage and power from stator winding by using electromagnetic induction
- We learned that single-phase induction motor article it is not self-starting, but three-phase motors are self-starting devices so not use separate starters for this motor
Induction Motor Disadvantages
- A phase induction motor comes with low starting torque and high inrush current. So not used here high torque is needed for example traction systems.
- It has a high inrush current since larger voltage losses at the time of starting of motor.
- It works on lagging power factors and at the time of load condition works at lagging power factors normally 0.2 to 0.4 lagging.
- It also has high high I2R losses and efficiency reduces.
- Speed control of an induction motor is not an easy process so it is not used for the circuit where constant speed is needed.
Single Phase vs Three Phase Induction Motor
Single-phase induction motor
- This motor operated on single phase power supply
- It comes with two terminals.
- It is not a self-starting motor
- It needed an external starting process.
- Its direction control is complicated
- Its common types are shaded pole, capacitor-start, Split phase, capacitor start and run
- It produces mechanical noise and vibrations.
- It provides high copper losses and low efficiency
- Its power rating is Below 5kW
- It has a limited Limited starting torque and larger size for the same power rating
- It is a simple and easy-to-repair design and is also low-cost.
- it is a reliable motor and is used for offices, small industrial load.
Three-phase induction motor
- It operated on 3 phase AC power supply and as 3 terminals
- It is a self-starting motor and does not need an external starting process.
- Its direction control process is easy and its common types are Squirrel cage, wound type
- It comes with a single slip and works smoothly
- its copper losses are low and high efficiency
- Its design is complicated and high cost.
- It is used for industries where high loads needed
Read also
- Different Types of Induction Motors and Features
- Difference between Induction Motor and Induction Generator
- Variations in Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristics
- Difference Between Slip Ring and Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
- What is the Maximum (Pullout) Torque in an Induction Motor
- Single Phase Induction Motor, Working, Construction & Applications
Below is a detailed table comparing a single phase and three phase induction motor.
