Hello fellows, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at Difference between Ionic and Covalent Bond. In atoms, two bonds exist first one is a covalent bond and the second one is an ionic bond. These bonds have different features and structures. A covalent bond is created with the pairing of electrons of 2 atoms and this pairing combines the atom in a certain arrangement. To break the covalent bond large amount of energy is usually needed fifty to two hundred Kcal/mol.
2 atoms create covalent bonds according to their electronegativity which is the energy of the atom in a molecule to have a force of attraction for electrons. It 2 atoms have different electronegativities like atoms of sodium and chlorine then one atom will give an electron to another atom. It makes positive ions and negative ions, positive ions make for atom which releases electrons, and negative ions for get electrons. The bond existing among these ions is known as an ionic bond. In today’s post, we will have a detailed look at these two bonds and compare them to find their differences and similarities. So let’s get started with the Difference Between Ionic and Covalent bonds.
Difference between Ionic and Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
- The ionic bond is created among metallic and nonmetallic atoms. Nonmetals get electrons from metals to make bonds. The ionic bond is created due to the force of attraction between positive metallic ions and negative non-metallic ions.
- It is a chemical type of bond that has the usage of electrostatic attraction among the ions.
- It has two types of ion structures the atom that gives makes a positive ion is called a cation
- The atom that gets electrons makes a negative ion called an anion.
- The electron transfer process called electrovalence
- Cation forms from metals and anion from non-metal.
- ionic element has a lattice structure this structure is defined by the charge size
- of the ionic bond is caused by to redox reaction
- Na + Cl → Na+ + Cl− → NaCl
- The atom that has high electronegativity makes a strong ionic bond
- At room temperature, it exists in the form of solids.
- Ionic compound generates current in solution form
- Their melting points are large according to ion arrangements.
- They can be soluble in water
- The larger the charge value there will be stronger the force and the melting point of an ionic compound is.
- The atoms created with the ionic bond do not have a specific shape.
- This bond also called the electrovalent bond created with the electrostatic attraction force among opposite charge ions in chemical compounds.
- There is a large melting point for atoms created with an ionic bond.
- Examples of atoms that have ionic bonds are sodium chloride.
- For the creation of this bond, there is a need for one metallic and one nonmetallic atom.
- The polarity of ionic bonds is high.
- In polar solvents such as water, ion compounds are soluble and make ions and current can flow through these solutions.
Covalent Bond
- The covalent bond is created among 2 non-metallic atoms that have the same electronegativities. Both atoms share their electrons to make covalent bonds.
- It is created through the sharing of electrons. The pair of electrons is called bonding pairs.
- In organic chemistry, these bonds are commonly used
- Different interactions occur in these bonds metal to metal, pi bonding, and bent bonding.
- The atoms have a covalent bond have a certain shape.
- In hydrogen 2 electrons are shared.
- The atoms that have high electronegative have a high strength of the covalent bond.
- The sharing of electrons in more than two atoms is called delocalized
- There are different types of covalent bonds sigma bond is the strongest bond created due to the overlapping of orbitals
- The single bond is called a sigma bond
- A covalent bond is a fact through the electronegativity of atoms linked and defines chemical polarity.
- The atoms that have the same value of electronegativity will have highlighted nonpolar bond like hydrogen
- While different electronegativity has polar covalent bonds HCL bond
- A pi bond is weak due to the overlap of p and d orbitals.
- The double covalent bond is created through the sigma and pi bond
- Their melting point is less than ionic bonds.
- This bond exists among 2 non-metals.
- Their boiling point is also less.
- At room temperature, it exists in the form of gases or liquids.
- The polarity of the covalent bond is low.
- The covalent compound is not soluble in water so current can not flow these solutions.
That is a detailed post about the difference between Ionic and Covalent Bond if you have any queries ask in the comments. I tried my level best to make this post for you. Thanks for reading. Soon I will upload the next interesting article. Stay tuned. Have a good day.
