Hello, readers welcome to the new post. In this post, we will discuss Difference Between HDD and SSD. HDD is an older storage device that comes with spinning platters that read and write data. SSD is a new technology that stores data on memory chips that can be easily accessed. SSD is a faster operation unit that is small in size and uses less energy and works for longer time intervals. HDD is less expensive and provides a larger data storing capacity and data recovery is easy when it gets damaged.

The basic difference between HDD and SSD is data storage and data access. In this post, we will discuss different parameters to find their differences. So let’s get started.

What is HDD

HDD or hard disk drive also called hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk that is an electromechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves data through the use of magnetic storage.

It uses rotating platters for data retrieval or storage that are coated with magnetic material.
The platters come in pairs of magnetic heads configured on a movable actuator arm that read and write data on the platter surface.
The data is accessed randomly which means a single block of data can be stored and retrieved in any sequence.
HDD is non-volatile storage that saves data when power is off.
The modern used HDDS exists in a rectangle structure
A modern HDD records data through use of a thin film of ferromagnetic material existing on both sides of the disk. Sequential changes in magnetization direction are represented by binary data bits.
Data is read through the disk by detecting transitions in magnetization. User data is encoded using an encoding scheme, such as limited run-length encoding, that determines how the data is represented by magnetic transitions.
A typical hard disk design consists of a spindle that holds flat circular disks, called platters, that hold the recorded data. Plates are created through the use of nonmagnetic materials such as aluminum alloy, glass, and ceramic. They are coated with a shallow layer of magnetic material typically ten to twenty nm deep, with an outer layer of carbon for protection. For reference, a standard piece of copy paper is 0.07 to 0.18 mm (70,000 to180,000 nm) thick
The platters in today’s hard drives spin at speeds ranging from 4,200 rpm in energy-efficient portable devices to 15,000 rpm in high-performance servers.
The first hard drives rotated at 1,200 rpm[6] and for many years 3,600 rpm was the standard. As of November 2019, the platters in most consumer HDDs spin at 5400 or 7200 rpm.
Information is written to and read from the platter as it spins around devices called read-write heads, which are positioned to operate very close to the magnetic surface, with their flight height often in the range of tens of nanometers. The read-and-write head is used to detect and adjust the magnetization of the material passing directly below it.

What is SSD

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to permanently store data, usually using flash memory and acting as secondary storage in a computer’s storage hierarchy.

It is also sometimes called a solid-state storage device, solid-state device, or solid-state drive, although SSDs lack the physical spinning disks and movable read/write heads used in hard disk drives (HDDs) and floppy disks.
SSD comes with rich inner parallelism that is used for data processing.
Compared to hard drives and similar electromechanical media that use moving parts, SSDs are typically more resistant to physical shock, run quietly, and have higher I/O speeds and lower latency.
SSD drives store data in semiconductor cells. As of 2019, cells can contain 1 to 4 bits of data. SSD storage devices differ in their characteristics according to the number of bits stored in each cell, with single-bit cells Single Level Cells” or “SLC” generally being the most reliable, durable, fast, and expensive type compared to 2- and 3-bit cells, and finally four-bit cells (“QLC”) used for consumer devices, which do not require such extreme features and are the cheapest per gigabyte (GB) of the four. With that three-dimensional Xpoint memory stores data by changing the electrical resistance of cell in place of strong electric charges existing in cells, and SSDs made from RAM can be used for high-speed where retention of data after power loss is not required or can use battery power to retain data when its usual power source is unavailable.
Hybrid drives or Solid State Hybrid Drives (SSHDs), such as the Intel Hystor and the Apple Fusion Drive, combine the functions of an SSD and an HDD in the same drive, using both flash memory and spinning magnetic disks to improve the performance of frequently-accessed data

SSD vs HDD.

HDD	SSD
Technology	Consists of spinning disks and read/write heads	Uses flash memory to store data
Speed	Slower, as it takes time for the read/write head to find data on the spinning disk	Faster, as data can be read and written to almost instantly
Cost	Generally cheaper than SSDs	More expensive, but prices have been decreasing
Reliability	More prone to mechanical failure due to moving parts	More reliable due to lack of moving parts
Durability	More fragile and can be damaged by physical impact	More durable and can withstand physical impact better
Capacity	Higher capacity options available	Lower capacity options are available, but increasing over time
Noise and Heat	Can be noisy and generate heat due to the spinning disk	Silent and generates less heat due to lack of moving parts

Difference Between HDD and SSD

HDD stands for hard disk drive and SSD stands for solid state drive
The main components of HDD are mechanical components such as an arm. SSD does not have any moveable parts just consists of ICs
HDD provides a larger read and writes time than SSD

HDD has high latency than SSD
HDD is compatible with some input and output operation in one second and SSD functioned more operation in one second
SSD does not have any fragmentaion while HDD have
HDD is heavyweight than SSD
The structure of HDD is larger SSD
Series data transformation is done through HDD and random access in SSD
The reliability of SSD is high than HDD
HDD is less expensive than SSD
HDD is an older device than an SSD
There is a noise produced in HDD since it has moving parts than SSD
The capacity of the HDD is many than SSD
HDD can break after some time but SSD operate for a longer time
HDD stores data for a long time than SSD